宁春4号与河东乌麦杂交F2:5家系的籽粒品质性状及其QTL分析

Analysis of grain quality traits and their QTL using F2:5 pedigrees derived from Ningchun No.4×Hedong black wheat

  • 摘要: 【目的】分析宁春4号与河东乌麦间杂交F2:5家系的籽粒品质性状及其重要QTL,为宁夏小麦品质性状的遗传改良提供优异资源。【方法】以主要籽粒品质性状差异较大的宁春4号与河东乌麦及其杂交的248个F2:5家系为材料,利用方差分析、相关分析、聚类分析和复合区间作图等方法对12个籽粒品质性状及其重要QTL进行研究。【结果】12个籽粒品质性状在F2:5家系中均出现明显分离,其中,水分含量、吸水率、沉降值、稳定时间和硬度指数的群体平均值均超过高亲亲本,超高亲比例为59.27%~92.74%;粗蛋白含量、湿面筋含量、出粉率和形成时间的群体平均值介于双亲之间,超中亲比例为42.34%~50.81%,超高亲比例为12.50%~27.42%;降落值、拉伸面积和容重的群体平均值均低于低亲亲本,超中亲比例为1.61%~33.87%,超高亲比例为1.61%~31.05%。基于籽粒品质性状的测定结果,在欧氏距离为13时,可将248个家系分为六大类群,其中,类群Ⅱ平均湿面筋含量(32.16%)和降落值(363.55 s)最高,类群Ⅲ平均粗蛋白含量(14.89%)、吸水率(62.88%)、拉伸面积(152.28 cm2)、容重(779.20 g/L)、形成时间(4.15 min)和硬度指数(69.93)均居首位,类群Ⅴ平均水分含量最低(11.68%)、稳定时间最长(13.16 min),类群Ⅵ平均出粉率(68.86%)和沉降值(41.31 mL)最高。利用69个SSR分子标记构成的39个区间共检测到68个籽粒品质性状QTL,其中,与水分含量、粗蛋白含量、湿面筋含量、出粉率、吸水率、降落值、沉降值、拉伸面积、容重、稳定时间、形成时间和硬度指数相关的QTL数量分别有5、2、4、9、2、12、4、4、1、9、9和7个,分布在1A~7A、1B、2B、3B、6B、1D、2D、3D、6D和7D共16条染色体上,LOD值最大为3.03,表型贡献率为3.17%~43.81%,加性效应为-14.8275~15.3442,同时,1A、2A、4A、7A、2B、3B、6B、1D、2D、3D、6D和7D染色体上检测到多个籽粒品质性状QTL,表明这12条染色体存在QTL富集区。【结论】小麦的大部分品质性状属于多基因控制的数量性状,宁春4号与河东乌麦间杂交F2:5家系中出现了较多超亲类型,其中类群Ⅲ为籽粒品质性状的最优类群。检测到的68个籽粒品质性状QTL可选择性地用于小麦品质性状的遗传改良。

     

    Abstract: 【Objective】 Quality traits and their important QTLs of F2:5pedigrees derived from the cross between Ningchun No.4 and Hedong black wheat were analyzed.It would provide good resources for quality traits improvement of wheat in Ningxia.【Method】 Ningchun No.4,Hedong black wheat and 248 F2:5pedigrees derived from the cross between above two parents were as materials.By means of variance analysis,correlation analysis,cluster analysis and composite interval mapping method,twelve grain quality traits and their important QTLs were studied.【Result】 The distribution of twelve quality traits in F2:5pedigrees were obviously separated,the average values of moisture content,water absorption rate,sedimentation value,stabilization time and hardness index were all over the high parents,the proportions of ultra-high parents were 59.27%-92.74%.The average values of crude protein content,wet gluten content,flour yield rate and formation time were between those of high parent and low parent,the proportions of over mid-parent were 42.34%-50.81%,and the proportions of over high-parent were 12.50%-27.42%.The average values of falling number,extension area and volume weight were all below the low parents,the proportions of over mid-parent were 1.61%-33.87%,and the proportions of over high parent were 1.61%-31.05%.Based on the measured results of grain quality traits,248 pedigrees were divided into six clusters at Euclidean distance being 13.GroupⅡhad the highest average wet gluten content(32.16%)and falling number(363.55 s).GroupⅢwas the first place in crude protein content(14.89%),water absorption rate(62.88%),extension area(152.28 cm2),volume weight(779.20 g/L),formation time(4.15 min)and hardness index(69.93).GroupⅤhad the lowest moisture content(11.68%)and the longest stabilization time(13.16 min).GroupⅥhad the highest flour yield rate(68.86%)and sedimentation value(41.31 m L).Sixty-eight quality trait QTLs were detected in thirty-nine intervals constituted by sixty-nine SSR molecular markers.Among them,QTLs of moisture content,crude protein content,wet gluten content,flour yield rate,water absorption rate,falling number,sedimentation value,extension area,volume weight,stabilization time,formation time and hardness index were 5,2,4,9,2,12,4,4,1,9,9 and 7,respectively.They were distributed in 16 chromosomes including 1A-7A,1B,2B,3B,6B,1D,2D,3D,6D and 7D.Their maximum LOD score was 3.03,the contribution rates to phenotype were 3.17%-43.81%,and additive effects were-14.8275-15.3442.Multiple QTLs of grain quality traits were detected in chromosomes 1A,2A,4A,7A,2B,3B,6B,1D,2D,3D,6D and 7D.The results showed that QTL enrichment regions of quality traits existed in the 12 chromosomes.【Conclusion】 Most of the quality traits belong to quantitative traits controlled by multiple genes in wheat.There are many over parent types in F2:5pedigrees derived from the cross between Ningchun No.4 and Hedong black wheat.GroupⅢbelongs to the best excellent group of grain quality traits.Sixty-eight detected QTLs may be used for the genetic improvement of grain quality traits in wheat.

     

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