Abstract: 【Objective】 To clarify the relationship between SNP marker loci and growth traits of Macrobrachium rosenbergii, so as to lay a foundation for the search of candidate genes for growth traits, the regulation mechanism of growth traits and the study of molecular marker-assisted breeding in the later stage.【Method】 The direct sequencing technique was used to detect the polymorphism of 25 SNP markers in the extreme population of growth traits of M. rosenbergii. Chi-square test(χ²) was used to screen two SNP marker loci with potential correlation with growth status in two extreme populations(maximum and minimum in body length) of M. rosenbergii. Further, the association between SNP genotypes and growth traits(body length, carapace width, first abdominal segment width, first abdominal segment height and body weight) was analyzed in 60 individuals of M. rosenbergii Zhejiang population. The general linear model was used to detect the correlation between SNP marker loci and five growth traits of M. rosenbergii.【Result】 Chi-square test showed that SNP6, SNP7, SNP16, SNP20 and SNP24 were potentially associated with growth traits in M. rosenbergii population. The results of correlation analysis between five potential correlation SNP marker loci and growth traits showed that SNP6, SNP7, SNP16 and SNP24 were significantly(P<0.05, the same below) or extremely significantly(P<0.01, the same below) correlated with growth traits, in which SNP6 was extremely significantly correlated with body length and weight, and significantly correlated with carapace width, while SNP7 was extremely significantly correlated with body length, carapace width, first ventral segment width and body weight, and significantly correlated with first ventral segment height. SNP16 was extremely significantly correlated with carapace width, first abdominal segment width, first abdominal segment height and body weight, and significantly correlated with body length, while SNP24 was only significantly correlated with the first abdominal segment height. The genotypic frequencies of 4 SNP loci in 60 individuals with 50% small body length individuals and 50% large body length individuals in Zhejiang population were statistically analyzed. The results showed that 2 markers in SNP6 and SNP24 were significantly associated with growth, and SNP7 and SNP16 were extremely significantly associated with growth.【Conclusion】 HSP90 and HGS genes may be important functional genes related to the growth of M. rosenbergii.