Abstract: 【Objective】To explore the effects of tobacco stalk biochar-based fertilizer on the yield, quality and economic benefits of adlay, with a view to provide scientific guidance for the resource utilization of agricultural wastes, the promotion and application of biochar-based fertilizers and the nutrient and quality control of adlay.【Method】Puyi No.6 and tobacco stalk biochar-based fertilizer were used as the test materials. Through field experiments, no fertilizer(CK), conventional fertilization(F), low(800 kg/ha) biochar-based fertilizer(LBF) and high(1600 kg/ha) biochar-based fertilizer(HBF) fertilization treatments were set up, to determine the growth, yield, quality and other indicators of adlay, and analyze the effects of different treatments on the fertilizer agronomic utilization rate and economic benefits of adlay.【Result】Compared with CK, the application of tobacco stalk biochar-based fertilizer could promote the growth of adlay plant and increase the yield of adlay. In the mature period, the height and stem diameter of adlay were increased by 7.8-15.4 cm and 1.4-2.3 mm, respectively. and the average yield of adlay were increased by 44.98%;tobacco stalk biocharbased fertilizer could significantly increase the content of nutrient components(P<0.05, the same below), among them, average soluble sugar content increased by 44.25%, average vitamin C content increased by 12.26%, and there was no significant difference in amino acid and crude fat content(P>0.05);tobacco stalk biochar-based fertilizer could increase the content of functional components such as flavonoids and coixin. In addition, tobacco stalk biochar-based fertilizer promoted the accumulation of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium nutrients, and significantly improved fertilizer agronomic utilization and economic benefits, among them, HBF treatment had the highest economic benefit, reached 68109.15 yuan/ha, which was 77.29% higher than CK.【Conclusion】Taking into account factors such as crop yield, quality and economic benefits, the 1600 kg/ha biochar-based fertilizer has a better improvement effect, and it has good application potential and promotion value in the cultivation of adlay in southern regions such as Fujian.