三斑海马骨骼染色方法改进及骨骼结构特点研究

Skeleton staining method improvement and skeleton structure character description of Hippocampus trimaculatus

  • 摘要: 【目的】明确三斑海马(Hippocampus trimaculatus)的骨骼特点,为三斑海马的种类鉴定提供技术支持,同时为海马的基础生物学积累数据。【方法】在透明化骨骼染色法的基础上,进一步改进三斑海马骨骼染色方法,并对三斑海马的骨骼特点进行细节性描述。【结果】相对于传统的透明化骨骼染色法,改进后的透明化骨骼染色法在再脱色与透明环节中,通过添加少量H2O2有效去除组织中残留的染色剂,同时添加少量2% KOH促使组织更加透明,且在装瓶步骤中正向直立放置三斑海马骨骼标本。三斑海马的背鳍鳍条数为19~21条,胸鳍鳍条数为18~19条;其头部有独特结构:有多个凸出的棘,颌骨部分构成管状结构,鳃盖后缘无鳃孔,鳃孔开口在鳃盖后缘正上方头顶位置;三斑海马自头部以下至尾端体表均由菱形骨片构成的骨环包被,胸腹部共有12节骨环,除第11和12节骨环外,每节骨环均由7片不规则的菱形骨骼构成,骨环内部及骨环间存在滑道结构,为运动和摄食提供立体空间;尾部共有40~41节骨环,每节骨环均由4片菱形骨片构成,骨环向尾末端逐渐缩小,骨环间也存在滑道结构,具攀附功能。【结论】改进后的透明化骨骼染色法更适合于三斑海马骨骼染色,操作便捷,骨骼标本质量高。三斑海马具有独特的头部骨骼结构与摄食方式,自头部以下全身包被骨骼,外骨骼主要由菱形骨片构成,但构成不同部位骨环的菱形骨片数量不同;骨环内部及骨环间存在滑道结构,为三斑海马的运动和摄食提供立体空间,因此可通过胸腹部膨胀围度判断三斑海马的营养状况及雌性三斑海马的性腺发育情况。

     

    Abstract: 【Objective】Explored the detailed characteristics of Hippocampus trimaculatus skeletons, provided technical support for the type identification of H. trimaculatus, and accumulated data for the basic biology of H. trimaculatus.【Method】On the basis of the transparent skeleton dyeing method, a special staining method for H. trimaculatus was improved to describe its skeleton characteristics, and the skeleton characteristics of H. trimaculatus were described in detail.【Result】Compared with the traditional transparent skeleton staining method, at decolorization and transparency procedures, the improved transparent skeleton staining method effectively removed the tissue residue with the addition of a small amount of H2O2, and a small amount of 2% KOH to make the tissue more transparent, and the placement of H. trimaculatus skeleton samples upright in the bottling step. The number of dorsal fins in H. trimaculatus was 19-21, and the number of pectoral fins was 18-19. The head of H. trimaculatus had its unique structure:many salient apines, the jaw skeleton formed a tubular structure, and there was no gill hole at the trailing edge of the gill cover. The opening of the gill hole was directly above the head of the gill. H. trimaculatus was covered by a ring of diamond-shaped skeletons from head to tail body surface to provide protection and support for it. There were 12 bone rings in the chest and abdomen. Except for the 11th and 12th section, each ring of the thorax and abdomen is composed of 7 irregular diamond-shaped skeletons. There was a unique sliding structure inside and between the skeleton rings, which provided a three-dimensional space for movement and feeding. Each ring of the tail skeleton was composed of 4 diamond-shaped skeletons. There were 40-41 bone rings in the tail, each ring is composed of 4 diamond-shaped skeletons, and the skeleton pieces shrink toward the tail gradually form a square skeleton ring and there was a sliding structure between the skeleton rings to provide activity space for the climbing action.【Conclusion】The improved transparent skeleton staining method is more suitable for H. trimaculatus skeleton dyeing, with convenient operation and high quality of skeleton specimens. H. trimaculatus has a unique head skeleton structure and feeding mode. The whole body below the head is surrounded by the skeleton, and the exoskeleton is mainly composed of rhomboid skeleton. However, the number of rhomboid skeletons constitute different rings in different parts;there is a sliding structure inside and between the bone ring to provide stereoscopic space for the movement and feeding of H. trimaculatus, so the nutrition status of H. trimaculatus and the gonadal development of the female H. trimaculatus can be determined through the chest and abdominal expansion circumference.

     

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