叶面喷施γ-氨基丁酸对糯玉米产量形成及光合特性的影响

Effects of foliar spraying of γ-aminobutyric acid on yield formation and photosynthetic characteristics of waxy corn

  • 摘要: 【目的】探明γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)对糯玉米产量形成及其光合生理的影响,为提高糯玉米产量的化控技术应用提供理论参考。【方法】以糯玉米品种粤彩糯2号、京科糯928和粤白甜糯7号为材料,以叶面喷施清水为对照(CK),设置糯玉米孕穗期叶面喷施GABA 5 mmol/L(FS)处理,观察记载田间糯玉米生育时期及植株农艺性状,测定分析糯玉米产量及灌浆期和成熟期叶片光合参数、叶绿素含量等指标,研究糯玉米产量和光合生理指标对孕穗期叶面喷施GABA的响应。【结果】与CK相比,FS处理一定程度上提高了供试糯玉米的鲜苞产量、净穗产量和鲜苞穗叶比,鲜苞产量和净穗产量分别较CK提高5.45%~11.08%和5.66%~14.23%。供试糯玉米在FS处理下的单穗总粒数、成熟期净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率和株高均提高,提高幅度分别为6.28%~8.76%、14.01%~70.67%、14.60%~29.92%、8.94%~23.19%和3.35%~5.21%。FS处理对穗位高度、秃顶长、穗粗、灌浆期和成熟期叶片SPAD值及成熟期叶片老化指数的影响不显著(P>0.05)。FS处理下供试糯玉米的抽穗期、散粉期和吐丝期均较CK提前1 d。糯玉米净穗产量与鲜苞产量、穗粗、穗行数和成熟期叶片蒸腾速率呈极显著正相关(P<0.01,下同),鲜苞产量与净穗产量、穗粗、成熟期叶片气孔导度和蒸腾速率呈极显著正相关。【结论】叶面喷施GABA处理下糯玉米产量的提高与提高单穗总粒数、叶片净光合速率和株高以及调控生育时期相关。

     

    Abstract: 【Objective】The effects of γ-aminobutyric acid(GABA) on waxy corn yield formation and its photosynthetic physiology were investigated in order to provide guidance for the application of chemical control technology to improve the yield of waxy corn varieties.【Method】The waxy corn varieties Yuecainuo 2, Jingkenuo 928, and Yuebaitiannuo 7 were used as materials. The foliar spraying of water was taken as control(CK) and the foliar spraying of GABA5 mmol/L treatmentat booting stageas the treatment(FS). Observed and recorded the growth period and plant agronomic characteristics of waxy corn in the field, detected and analyzed waxy corn yield, photosynthetic parameters and chlorophyll content at filling stage and maturity stage, studied the response of yield and physiological characteristics of waxy corn to GABA foliar spraying at booting stage.【Result】Compared with CK, FS treatment increased the net ear yield, fresh bract yield andratio of fresh bracts to ears and leaves to a certain extent, net ear yield, fresh bract yield increased by 5.45%-11.08% and 5.66%-14.23%, respectively compared with CK. The number of grains per spike, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate and plant height at maturity stageall increased by 6.28%-8.76%, 14.01%-70.67%, 14.60%-29.92%, 8.94%-23.19% and 3.35%-5.21%, respectively. FS treatment did not significantly affect the ear height, bald length, ear diameter, SPAD value at filling stage and maturity stage, and leaf aging index at maturity stage(P>0.05). The FS treatment promoted the heading stage, powder period and spinning stage of waxy maize varieties by 1 d. There was extremely significant positive correlation between net ear yield and fresh bract yield, ear diameter, number of rows per ear, transpiration rate of leaf at maturity stage(P<0.01, the same below), and extremely significant positive correlation between fresh bract yieldand net ear yield, ear diameter, leaf stomatal conductance and transpiration rateat maturity stage.【Conclusion】The increase of yield of waxy maize varieties under foliar spraying GABA treatment is related to the increase of number of grains per ear, net photosynthetic rate, plant height, and the regulation of growth period.

     

/

返回文章
返回