黄淮海糯玉米品种基因型与环境互作效应分析

Genotype×environment interaction effect of waxy maize varieties in Huang-Huai-Hai Region

  • 摘要: 【目的】分析黄淮海地区糯玉米区域试验品种基因型与环境的互作效应,为黄淮海地区糯玉米品种选育提供理论参考。【方法】利用AMMI模型和GGE双标图对2018年黄淮海糯玉米区域试验中的18个糯玉米品种(g01~g18)在13个试点的农艺性状(鲜穗产量、穗长、鲜百粒重和出籽率)进行分析,以综合评价参试品种基因型与环境的互作效应。【结果】通过AMMI模型分析发现,鲜穗产量丰产性和稳产性均较好的品种为金跃糯58(g06)和景坡82(g07),苏玉糯2号(g15)是丰产性较差但稳产性最好的品种(对照);出籽率高且稳定性好的品种为斯达糯44(g18)和郑白甜糯3号(g05),对照是出籽率居中但稳定性差的品种;鲜百粒重较重且稳定性好的品种为万糯2018(g04)和金跃糯58(g06),而对照是鲜百粒重居中但稳定性好的品种;穗长较长且稳定性较好的品种为景坡82(g07)和花糯680(g11),对照是穗长较短但稳定性好的品种;鲜穗产量、出籽率和穗长的基因型、环境及基因型×环境互作效应均达极显著影响(P<0.01,下同),鲜百粒重的基因型和环境达极显著影响,基因型×环境互作效应达显著影响(P<0.05);4个农艺性状的3个主成分累计解释基因型和基因型×环境互作效应(G+GE)均达60.00%以上,说明AMMI模型可较好地解释基因型与环境的相互作用。通过GGE双标图分析发现,万糯158(g03)、金跃糯58(g06)和景坡82(g07)是鲜穗产量丰产性和稳产性均较好的品种,郑白甜糯1号(g02)是长穗丰产且稳定性最好的品种,万糯2018(g04)是鲜百粒重较高且稳定性好的品种,中糯336(g16)是出籽率高且稳定性好的品种。【结论】AMMI模型和GGE双标图的侧重点不同,可实现优势互补。基于二者分析结果,综合表现较好的品种为景坡82(g07)和金跃糯58(g06),可用于丰产稳产型糯玉米品种选育和推广。

     

    Abstract: 【Objective】To provide theoretical reference for wax maize breeding, genotype×environment interaction effect of tested varieties in Huang-Huai-Hai waxy maize regional trial were evaluated comprehensively.【Method】Additive main effects multiplicative interaction(AMMI) model and genotype main effect plus genotype-by-environment interaction biplot(GGE) model were used to analysis the related agronomic traits(fresh yield, ear length, fresh 100-kernel weight and seed rate) of 18 waxy maize varieties(g01-g18) at 13 test sites in the Huang-Huai-Hai waxy maize regional trial in 2018, to comprehensively evaluate the effect of genotype and environment interaction.【Result】Through AMMI model analysis, the results showed that Jinyuenuo 58(g06) and Jingpo 82(g07) had higher fresh ear yield and better stability, Suyunuo 2(g15, CK) showed poor but the most stable yield. The varieties with high seed rate and good stability were Sidanuo 44(g18) and Zhengbaitiannuo 3(g05), while Suyunuo 2(g15, CK) had medium seed rate but poor stability. The varieties with higher fresh 100-grain weight and better stability were Wannuo 2018(g04) and Jinyuenuo 58(g06), while the CK had medium fresh 100-grain weight but stable variety. The varieties with longer ear length and better stability were Jingpo 82(g07) and Huanuo 680(g11), while the CK belonged to the varieties with short ear length but good stability. There was extremely significant differences in genotypes, environment and the genotype×environment interaction of fresh ear yield, seed rate and ear length(P<0.01, the same below). Genotypes and environment of fresh 100-kernel weight traits reached extremely significant differences, but the genotype×environment interaction reached significant differences(P<0.05). The three principal components of the four agronomic traits explained the genotype×environment interaction effect(G+GE) were over 60.00%, indicating that the AMMI model explained the genotype×environment interaction effect well. Through the GGE diplot analysis, it was found that Wannuo 158(g03), Jinyuenuo 58(g06) and Jingpo 82(g07) were varieties with high fresh ear yield and stable yield. While Zhengbaitiannuo 1(g02) was the variety with long ears, high yield and good stability. Wannuo 2018(g04) was the variety with high fresh 100-grain weight and good stability, Zhongnuo 336(g16) was with high seed rate and stability.【Conclusion】AMMI model and GGE-biplot show different focuses and complementary advantages. Based on the analysis results of the two, the varieties with good comprehensive performance are Jingpo 82(g07) and Jinyue waxy 58(g06), which can be used for the breeding and promotion of highyield and stable-yield type waxy maize varieties.

     

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