摘要:
[目的]探讨江西红壤旱地大豆和花生合理的间作种植模式,为提高作物种植效益及缓解南方红壤旱地作物连作障碍提供参考.[方法]采用田间试验方法,以花生单作(CK1)、大豆单作(CK2)为对照,设2行花生//2行大豆(J1)、4行花生//2行大豆(J2)、8行花生//2行大豆(J3)3种间作种植模式,结合田间观测与室内分析,分析不同种植模式对作物生长、产量和经济效益的影响.[结果]与花生单作相比,花生//大豆间作处理对花生生长的影响不明显,花生主要农艺性状指标、间作总面积产量、花生单位面积产量均无显著变化(P>0.05).大豆在间作模式中则处于优势地位,与其单作相比,花生//大豆间作处理可提高大豆的株高、主茎节数、有效分枝数、单株有效荚数、单株粒重和百粒重,并显著提高间作总面积产量和大豆单位面积产量(P<0.05).综合考虑投入和产出情况,花生//大豆间作处理中以J1处理的经济效益最佳,纯收益达4223.07元/ha,产投比为1.31.[结论]花生//大豆间作种植模式下作物的总产量及经济效益明显高于单作大豆,而与单作花生无明显差异,其中,以2行花生//2行大豆的间作模式经济效益最佳,可在江西红壤旱地推广应用.
关键词:
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红壤旱地
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花生
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大豆
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间作模式
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产量
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经济效益
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江西省
Abstract:
[Objective]A reasonable intercropping pattern for soybean and peanut in red soil upland in Jiangxi was studied in order to provide reference for improving crop planting efficiency and alleviating continuous cropping obstacles of upland in southern China.[Method]Field experiment was conducted.Peanut monoculture(CK1)and soybean monocul-ture(CK2)were used as two controls,three treatments were set as peanut and soybean intercropping patterns:two rows of peanut//two rows of soybean(J1),four rows of peanut//four rows of soybean(J2),eight rows of peanut//two rows of soy-bean(J3).Growth,yield and economic benefits of peanut and soybean were analyzed in different cropping patterns com-bining field observation and indoor analysis.[Result]Compared with peanut monoculture,growth of peanut under inter-cropping patterns was less affected,and there were no significant changes in main agronomic traits,total yield of intercro-pping area and yield per unit area of peanut(P>0.05).While compared with soybean monoculture,growth of soybean was in the dominant position in peanut and soybean intercropping patterns,and its plant height,main stem node number,ef-fective branch number,effective pods per plant,grain weight per plant and 100-grain weight were improved.Also,there were significantly improvement in the total yield of intercropping area and yield per unit area(P<0.05).Based on compre-hensive consideration,economic benefits were the best in J1 peanut and soybean intercropping pattern.The net income reached 4223.07 yuan/ha and its input-output ratio was 1.31.[Conclusion]The total yield and economic benefits of peanut and soybean intercropping pattern are greatly higher than soybean monoculture,but there is no obvious difference with peanut monoculture.The economic beefits of two rows of peanut//two rows of soybean is the optimal,therefore,it can be promoted in red upland of Jiangxi.
百度学术
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