Abstract: ObjectiveThe present study aimed to breed Arachis hypogea L. var. vulgaris new varieties which could adapt to eco-climate conditions in southern China, and provide superior varieties for development of high-oleic-acid peanut in southern peanut planting areas. MethodHigh-oleic-acid germplasm SunOleic 95R was brought in from America and crossed with three local A. hypogea L. var. vulgaris high-yield and disease resistent varieties(Shanyou 162, Yueyou 13 and Yueyou 45). The strains with high oleic acid were selected from the offsprings for breeding, and regional trials and planting trials were conducted. ResultGuihua 37 was a bred A. hypogea L. var. vulgaris variety with 82.90% oleic acid content, 2.60% linoleic acid content and oleic acid-linoleic acid ratio(O/L) being 32.34. It was highly resistant to bacteria wilt, leaf spot and leaf rust. In national(southern) trials and Guangxi regional trials for peanut planting areas, the pod yields were 3670.35 and 3814.05 kg/ha respectively, which were decreased by 6.02% and 2.26% compared with control (Shanyou 523 and Guihua 21). In Beiliu planting trial, the average yield was 5570.70 kg/ha, which increased by 0.37%compared with the average of other tested varieties(5550.36 kg/ha). In June, 2016, Guihua 37 was approved by Guangxi Crop Variety Approval Committee. ConclusionGuihua 37, a new variety of A. hypogea L. var. vulgaris containing high oleic acid content and resistance to diseases, is adaptive to peanut planting areas in southern China.