Abstract: ObjectiveAnthocyanin content and expression of regulatory genes in Lonicera caerulea L. were studied to provide reference for utilization of the germplasm and synthesis regulation of anthocyanin. MethodAnthocyanin composi-tions and contents of different varieties(Berel,HSY-4 and Japan-5) were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatogra-phy. Quantitative real-time PCR(qRT-PCR) technology was used to determine genes related to anthocyanin synthesis at di-fferent maturing periods of the three varieties and expression of transcription factors.ResultEight anthocyanins were de-tected in 525 nm wavelength. Cyanidin 3-glucoside was identified as the main anthocyanin and accounting for 76.61%-86.67% of total anthocyanin content. Berel fruit had the highest anthocyanin content(500.14 mg/100 gFW) while Japan-5 fruit contained the lowest anthocyanin content(162.79 mg/100 gFW). Expression of anthocyanin synthesis genes were the highest at half-veraison period, which was in line with accumulation of anthocyanin. Expressions of genes PAL,ANS and bHLH went through an up-down trend as anthocyanin synthesis accumulation increased. ConclusionL. caerulea L. con-tains eight anthocyanins, and the species of anthocyanins with cyanidin 3-glucoside as aglycone are the largest. Synthesis-re-lated genes PAL,ANS and bHLH play a regulatory effect in anthocyanin synthesis. Expressions of synthesis-related genes of Berel,HSY-4 and Japan-5 are similar model, but vary between different varieties.