两个意蜂品种及其杂交子代的形态特征和杂种优势分析
Morphometric and heterotic analysis on two breeds of Apis mellifera and their filial generation
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摘要: 【目的】比较分析两个意蜂品种及其杂交子代间的形态特征差异和杂种优势情况,为进一步探究两个意蜂品系杂交子代的生产性能和杂种优势提供理论依据。【方法】采集意大利蜜蜂王浆高产蜂种、美意蜂种及其正交、反交子代4个类型共12群蜜蜂样本,每群测定分析15只,共测定40个形态指标,计算杂种优势率,同时进行相关的因素分析、区辨分析和聚类分析。【结果】在20个与意蜂体型大小相关的形态特征指标中,王浆高产蜂种有15个指标高于美意蜂种,反交子代中有17个指标高于正交子代;在8个与意蜂体色相关的形态特征指标中,王浆高产蜂种的色度平均值比美意蜂种的高,而反交子代的色度平均值比正交子代的低;在9个与生产力相关的形态特征指标方面,反交子代较正交子代更具杂种优势。4个类型意蜂品种的因素分析结果表明,3个主因素的总变异系数为53.291%,主要是与体型大小有关的特征指标;区辨分析结果表明,正交子代、反交子代与王浆高产蜂种基本聚在一起,美意蜂种则相对分开;聚类分析结果表明,反交子代与王浆高产蜂种、美意蜂种聚为一个分支,而正交子代单独为一个分支。【结论】蜜蜂亲本相同,但杂交组配方法不同,其后代的形态特征指标也存在明显差异。Abstract: ObjectiveMorphological characteristics and heterosis of two varieties of Apis mellifera and their cis-hy-bridization and trans-hybridization offspring were compared in order to provide references for further research on productivity and heterosis of the two varieties.MethodTwelve samples of American-Italian hybrid bees, the honeybees of high yield royal jelly breed and their filial generation (cis-hybridization, trans-hybridization) were collected. Forty morphological indexes of fifteen bees per group were measured to calculate heterosis rate for factor analysis, discriminant analysis and cluster analysis.ResultIn 20 body size-related morphological indicators, 15 indicators of the honeybees of high yield royal jelly breed were higher than those of American-Italian bees. Seventeen body-related indicators of the trans-hybridization progeny were higher than those of cis-hybridization offspring. Among the 8 body color related morphological indicators, average color value of the honeybees of high yield royal jelly breed was higher than that of American-Italian bees. Average color value of the trans-hy-bridization progeny was lower than that of cis-hybridization. Among the 9 optimized productivity related indicators, heterosis of the trans-hybrid offspring was better than that of cis-hybridization offspring. Factor analysis results of the four types of Italian bee species showed that total variation coefficient of the three factors was 53.291%, mainly with the characteristic indexes of size. Discriminant analysis results showed that the cis-hybridization offspring, the trans-hybridization progeny and the honey-bees of high yield royal jelly breed were basically in the same group, while the American-Italian bees were relatively separat-ed. Clustering analysis results showed that the trans-hybridization progeny, the honeybees of high yield royal jelly breed and the American-Italian bees gathered for a branch, while the cis-hybridization offspring was separate. ConclusionEven if the parents are the same, morphological indexes of the offspring are totally different under different hybrid equipping methods.